Proponents of proportional taxation argue that it is a fair way to distribute taxes among all income levels, making sure everyone pays the same proportion of their earnings. This type of taxation system has been used in several European countries and in the U.S., including the states of Tennessee and Texas.

The most common form of proportional taxation is a flat tax rate, in which all taxpayers, regardless of income, are assessed the same rate. In other words, middle- and high-income earners are not taxed at a higher rate than lower-income earners. This may result in higher-income earners paying a larger total amount, but all taxpayers are assessed the same rate.

Another type of proportional taxation is a lump-sum tax, which is a one-time tax payment assessed on all taxpayers regardless of income. The lump sum tax is usually small and part of the social security system.

Proponents of proportional taxation argue that it eliminates disincentives to work and rewards work, since everyone, regardless of their income level, would be taxed at the same rate. This might encourage economic growth, as those with more money would be more likely to invest and create new businesses. Supporters of proportional taxation also argue that the tax system should be based on the principle of “ability to pay,” meaning everyone contributes according to their ability, not just those with high incomes.

However, critics of proportional taxes argue that they disproportionately affect lower-income taxpayers, who would have to pay the same rate as top earners. Furthermore, critics argue that proportional taxes are regressive, meaning as taxes increase, a larger percentage of the income of low earners is taken up in taxes, while the taxes of high earners take up a smaller percentage of their incomes.

In conclusion, proportional taxes act as a way of achieving greater economic and social equality within a tax system. It ensures that everyone pays the same proportion of their incomes, eliminating tax penalties on higher earners and making sure that everyone contributes according to their ability. However, some economists argue that a proportional tax system disproportionately affects lower-income earners and may be regressive in nature. Ultimately, it comes down to personal viewpoints and ideals in determining what type of tax system is the most equitable.