This article discusses layer-2 blockchains, which are considered upgrades to layer-1 blockchains. Layer-2 blockchains, such as Polygon, Optimism, and Arbitrum, address the scalability and performance issues faced by layer-1 blockchains, such as high fees and slow transaction speeds. They achieve this through techniques like rollups, sidechains, and state channels, which reduce transactional load and enable faster and cheaper transactions. Layer-2 blockchains are focused on improving user experience and making blockchain technology more viable for common use cases like gaming and decentralized finance. However, they also have challenges, including limited autonomy and security compared to layer-1 blockchains, as well as interoperability issues. Nonetheless, layer-2 blockchains are expected to continue solving scalability issues and improving interoperability, leading to increased adoption and a more accessible and efficient blockchain ecosystem.



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