Uncovered interest arbitrage (UIA) is an arbitrage strategy that involves exchanging a domestic currency for a foreign currency at the current spot rate, investing it for one period in a higher yielding foreign currency, and then converting back into the domestic currency at the future forward rate. This strategy takes advantage of discrepancies between the spot and forward exchange rates of different currencies.

If a currency offers a higher yield than that of another currency, investors can utilize uncovered interest arbitrage to ensure a guaranteed rate of return. The biggest risk investors face with uncovered interest arbitrage is the potential for movements in the exchange rate to wipe out gains made from the interest rate differentials. Therefore, exchange rate fluctuations must constantly be monitored in order to ensure a successful execution of the trade.

Opportunities for uncovered interest arbitrage arise when interest rate differentials between two currencies are large enough to exceed the associated transaction costs and offset any potential currency exchange losses. With international markets becoming more integrated, they provide more opportunities for uncovered interest arbitrage. Investors can take advantage of these opportunities by buying a currency with a higher rate of return, investing it in a higher-yielding foreign currency, and converting it back when due.

Exchange rate volatility is one of the main causes of risks associated with uncovered interest arbitrage, as sudden shifts in exchange rates can wipe out any gains made from the interest rate differentials. Other market risks include political instability, interest rate changes and credit risk.

The use of uncovered interest arbitrage has become increasingly popular amongst investors and traders due to the capital efficiency, ease of access, and low transaction costs associated with the strategy. As with any trading strategy, risks and opportunities should always be carefully considered before entering into a trade.