Translation exposure, often also referred to as accounting exposure or translation risk, is the measure of financial vulnerability resulting from different currency exposures in a company's assets, liabilities, income, or equity. It refers to the potential profit and loss that a firm might experience from a revaluation of the assets or liabilities of a firm denominated in a foreign currency due to changes in the exchange rate.

Translation exposure is a risk that any multi-national company (MNC) carrying out transactions in foreign currencies faces. An MNC may have assets, liabilities, income, or equities that are denominated in foreign currencies and exposed to exchange rate fluctuations. It is typically influenced by numerous factors such as speculation, inflation, and interest rates. If a foreign currency value appreciates, the company could experience a loss on its assets due to the conversion from that foreign currency to the functional currency. On the other hand, if a foreign currency depreciates, the company would realize a gain on its assets due to the conversion of assets.

Translation exposure is an important risk element that should be monitored and managed by MNCs. There are several approaches companies use to manage translation risk. These include the use of currency futures and forwards, currency swaps, and foreign currency denominated derivatives.

In addition, companies should inform themselves of the potential risks associated with exchange rate fluctuations and develop appropriate procedures to monitor and manage such risks, such as assessing the extent of their exposure to exchange rate fluctuations as well as identifying risk-averse financial strategies that may be employed to reduce the risk. Companies should also create internal processes and procedures that help to identify and manage exchange rate fluctuations from one period to another.

Translation exposure thus exposes MNCs to unexpected short-term exchange rate changes that may have a material impact on their financial position and performance. Knowing the source and extent of a company's translation exposure is essential in devising appropriate strategies to minimize its risks.