A representative sample is a technique used for gathering data for research and surveys. It is a subset of a population that is proportionally reflective of the characteristics present within a larger group, ensuring that the data gathered from this sample is reliable and representative of a wider population. Although the use of a representative sample is much more effective than selecting members at random, it can be difficult to obtain sample in this way.

When conducting a survey or research, it is important to select a sample that accurately reflects the target population. Representative sampling offers the most reliable way of analyzing various population groups as it provides an unbiased view of the collective characteristics.

The process of collecting a representative sample begins with defining the characteristics of the target population. Through this, critical traits, such as age, gender, income, education level and any other important attributes that are descriptors of the target population segment can be determined. Once these characteristics are established, they can be used as the base criteria when selecting members of the sample.

To identify the respondents that make up the representative sample, a variety of methods can be used, including random selection and stratified sampling. Random selection requires respondents to be chosen at random using a list of population members and doesn't always result in a representative sample. Stratified sampling, on the other hand, allows for the grouping of members according to characteristics and by applying pre-existing criteria.

By selecting a sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the target population, researchers can make more reliable conclusions from the collected data. The results can then be used to draw conclusions about a particular segment of the population.

Since a representative sample provides an accurate portrayal of the target population, it is commonly used for research purposes. Its use in polls and political research is especially favorable due to the reliable information that can be gathered. Evaluations and surveys seeking customer opinions are also greatly benefitted through the use of a representative sample.

In summary, a representative sample is critical to obtaining data that is reliable and representative of a population. Although more difficult to obtain than a sample collected at random, the accuracy of results provided through a representative sample make it the preferable technique to use when conducting research.