Neural networks are a form of artificial intelligence (AI) used to recognize patterns and trends within large volumes of data. Neural networks are broadly inspired by the functioning of a human brain, using multiple layers of neurons to process complex information. The network is then trained via an iterative process known as back-propagation. Apart from traditional computing approaches, neural networks are also able to process underlying non-linear patterns, identify correlations, and capture underlying contexts within data.

Neural networks process data in a way that is analogous to the way a human brain works, performing operation after operation until a desired result is reached. Each operation is a neuron and each neuron has an associated weight. The output of every neuron is calculated by summing up the weighted input. In other words, the neurons of the network make decisions and each one is affected by the decisions of the neurons that precede it.

Neural networks have applications in a variety of fields, with stock market price prediction being one of the most prominent. By capturing the underlying patterns and correlations that define the historic and current trends of the stock markets, neural networks can be used to make informed decisions faster and more accurately than traditional computing approaches. However, the success rate of neural networks for stock price prediction varies with the complexity of the data and the underlying patterns.

Generally, neural networks are more accurate when handling complex data. As such, they can achieve better results than traditional computing approaches in areas such as natural language processing and image recognition. They are becoming increasingly popular for other applications such as predicting customer behaviour, controlling self-driving cars, and playing complex games.

In conclusion, neural networks are a powerful tool for recognizing patterns, correlations, and underlying context in vast volumes of data. They are widely used for stock market price prediction, but their success varies with the complexity of the data and the underlying patterns. Neural networks are also used for natural language processing and image recognition, and promising results have been achieved in controlling self-driving cars, predicting customer behaviour, and playing complex games.