A hard loan is a foreign loan denominated in a hard currency, usually either the U.S. dollar or a reserve currency like the euro or the pound. Developing countries and some companies that export to hard currency countries often take out hard loans, especially when their local currency is more unstable or subject to rapid devaluation.

The most common type of hard loan is a syndicated loan, which is a loan syndicated among a few banks or investors. Most syndicated loans have flexible terms, often taking the form of floating rate debt, so that the borrower is less exposed to changes in interest rates. Lenders also have more power when it comes to setting terms and covenants in exchange for providing the loan.

Hard loans come with both risks and rewards. For borrowers, a loan denominated in reserve currency will give them a certain level of stability when it comes to their loan repayment obligations. A borrower can be reassured that if the value of their domestic currency drops quickly, the loan will still remain accessible and manageable.

For lenders, hard loans represent a great opportunity to diversify their risks. If a borrower is seeking a loan in their domestic currency, the lender will have to assess the risk of the currency itself, in addition to the risk of the loan. By denominating the loan in a stable hard currency, the lender will know that their money will retain its value, regardless of currency pair movements.

While hard loans provide both borrowers and lenders with some assurance, they can also be dangerous. Borrowers have to be careful when taking out these loans, as a devaluation of the domestic currency could mean that repayment becomes prohibitively expensive.

And because hard loans are often more expensive for borrowers, lenders must also exercise caution. If inflation spikes or the borrower's countrya suffers a recession, it could be difficult for the borrower to keep up with repayment obligations.

Overall, hard loans can be useful for certain borrowers, but they should also be taken with caution. While these loans can be a great way for borrowers to access financing, it's important to assess the risks and potential rewards before signing on the dotted line.