The bottom line is a measure of a company's net income, which reflects the overall effectiveness of its business operations. The bottom line can be found at the bottom of the income statement and is expressed as the total revenue minus total expenses. It is the net result of their activities, and the ultimate metric used to measure the overall financial performance of a company.

The top line of an income statement refers to the total revenue generated by a company. This can be derived from the sale of products and/or services, interest income, and other sources of income. A healthy top line indicates a strong performance in areas such as sales and marketing, production, and customer satisfaction.

A business must strive to grow the bottom line as well as the top line. A company can achieve this goal by cutting costs and increasing sales. One way to reduce costs is through cost cutting, which involves reducing the expenses associated with running a business. This can be done through reducing overhead costs, streamlining processes and reorganizing the company’s structure. On the other hand, increasing sales can be done by improving product quality, marketing to new customers and introducing innovative products or services.

In addition to the traditional bottom line, a more holistic way to measure profitability is using the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) approach. The TBL approach focuses on the social, environmental, and economic performance of a company. In addition to pursuing a positive bottom line, companies must also examine their impact on the environment, and how they contribute to the well-being of the communities in which they operate.

Overall, the bottom line is a measure of a company's net income and is the ultimate metric used to measure its financial performance. While growing the bottom line is a key factor in assessing a company's success, businesses should also look at other factors that affect profitability and sustainability, such as the triple bottom line. By taking all these elements into account, companies can gain a complete understanding of their performance and make more informed business decisions.