Zero-Bound Interest Rate
Candlefocus EditorWhen an economy is weak or recessing, central banks are usually able to apply monetary policy to bring some relief by lowering interest rates in order to spur economic activity. However, Zero-Bound Interest Rate prevents such interest rate cuts beyond a certain point. Without the ability to lower interest rates beyond zero, central banks are limited in their ability to stimulate the economy and bolster struggling businesses.
The most recent example of Zero-Bound Interest Rate was during the Great Recession of 2008-2009. During that time, the Federal Reserve, recognizing that traditional lowering of interest rates was becoming less and less effective, adopted a bold policy of quantitative easing; printing more money to buy more bonds. This intervention was done to provide capital to certain indebted markets which were desperate for financing.
The results of Zero-Bound Interest Rate have been mixed. In many cases, it has worked to stimulate the economy and improve economic conditions. However, there have been instances where it has been viewed as an ineffective policy measure. Critics argue that due to the complexity of attempting to manage the economy as a whole, attempting to manage individual markets (bond markets) with Zero-Bound Interest Rates is a futile task.
Overall, Zero-Bound Interest Rate is seen as a necessary but imperfect policy. While it can serve as a temporary measure to address financial emergencies, it is ill-suited for longer-term economic challenges. It also runs the risk of distorting the debt structures and disincentivizing investment, as low-interest rates may not be enough to encourage investors to risk their money in illiquid investments. As such, Zero-Bound Interest Rate should be seen as a tool to be used sparingly and judiciously.